Liquid expanding and contracting power-generating system.



, J. PATTEN. LIQUID EXPANDING AND CONTRACTING POWER GENERATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION I'ILED AUG. 31, 1910. y ,032,236. Paentea July 9, 1912.

fill/lll!!! J. PATTEN. LIQUID EXPANDING AND CONTRACTING POWER GBNBRATINGSYSTEM. I

PPLIOATON FILED AUG. 31, 1910. v 1,932,236.. Patented July 9, 1912.

l0 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Fay. a.

@VWM/ibo@ J. PATTEN.

LIQUID BXPANDING AND CONTRACTING POWER GENERATING SYSTEM. APPLICATIONFILED AUG. 31, 1910.

LSQG. Patented July 9, 1912.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

J. PATTEN.

LIQUID EXPANDING AND CONTRACTING POWER GENERATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. s1, 1910.

Im. Patented July 9, 191.2.

10- SHEETSSHEET 4.

J. PATTBN.'

LIQUID BXPANDING ND CONTRACTING POWER GBNERATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 31. 1910.

1,032,236. Patented July 9, 1912.

10 SEEE HEBT 5.

J. PATTEN. LIQUID BXPANDING AND CONTRACTING POWER GBNERATING SYSTEM.

APPLIATION FILED AUG. 31, 1910. 1,032,236, Patented July 9, 1912.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

J.- PATTBN. LIQUID EXPANDING AND GONTRACTING POWER GBNERATING SYSTEM.

APPLIUATION FILED AUG. 3l, 1910.

Patented July 9, 1912.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

Fig. 8,

fillIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllliflflllllldllllnll.

fllig?? /f J. PATI'EN.

LIQUID EXPANDING AND GONTRAGTING POWER GENERATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 31, 1910.

1,032,236. Patented July 9, 1912.

l0 SHEETS-SHEET 8.

J. PATTEN. LIQUID BXPANDING AND CONTRACTING POWER GBNERATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 31, 1910.

Patented July 9, 1912.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 9.

J. PATTEN.

LIQUID EXPANDING' AND CONTRACTING POWER GENBRATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. a1, 1910.

l ,032,236, Patented July 9, 1912.

10 SHEETB-SHEBT 10.

JOHN PATTEN, F BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO ERNESTMILLER, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

Specication of rosaaso.

Letters PatentlPatented July 9, 1912?.

Application filed August 31,1910. Serial N0. 579,841.

T0 all whom t may concern.'

` Be it known that l, JOHN PATTEN, a citizen of the United States, andvresident of Y Baltimore, Maryland, have invented certain ating Systems,of which 'the followingv is a specification.

This invention is a power generating apparat'us, comprising a liquidpressure motor and means for continuously circulating a liquid underpressure through the motor, the liquid being alternately heated andexpanded under high pressure and cooled and contracted under lowerpressure.

In the practical operation of-my .invention a highly'expansible liquid,such as carbon dioxid, sulfur dioxid, or carbon tetrachlorid iscirculated through a motor. The exhaust liquid from the motor passesthrough a heat exchanger in which Ait is partially cooled, imparting itsheat to the return liquidi'going .to the motor. The exhaust liquid isthen preferably further cooled by passing it through coils in a tanksupplied with naturally cooled water or with water, brine or 'other`iiuid artiiicially cooled. The cooled exhaust liquid, greatly reducedin bulk by contraction, is then pumped into the return system of pipingin which it is reheated under high pressure by passing it through theheat exchanger; It is then raised to a still higher temperature bypassing it through coils exposed to exhaust. or live steam, or someother source of heat. When hea-ted to the highest temperature desirablethe liquid will have greatly increased in bulk by expansion, it beingpossible to increase the bulkvof cer-s tain liquids one hundredvpercent.. more or less in this manner, wit-hout raising them to suchhigh'temperatures as would interfere with theirproper action in themotor. I am thus enabled to utilize heat from exhaust steam or othersources, which is ordinarily wasted, to produce power. It will beunderstood that my motive liquid is used under very high pressures.

This invention is a thermo-hydraulic cycle power vgenerating method foreconomically converting heat into mechanical work by .heating under highpressure a liquid having a vhigh coefficient of expansion byaicountercurrent of the same liquid under less pressure in a' heatexchanger, further heating `the liquid by heat from van extraneoussource., conducting the hot expanded liquid under vhigh pressure into anengine which it operates, then discharging the liquidunder lowerpressure from the en- .gineto the heat exchanger where it imparts aportion of its heat to the countercurrent stream of the high pressureliquid, then passing it through a cooler where it is further cooled byimparting a portion of its heat to colder bodies with which it isbrought in contact, then conducting the cooled contracted low pressureliquid into a pump which forces it out under the high pressure -to theheat exchanger by power furnished by the engine, thus completing acycle'of operations. The engine operates the pump 4and provides asurplus power which can be used or other purposes, this surplus .powerbeing due to the expansion of ythe-liquid by heat. The displacement oftheengine will exceed that of the pump by from twenty five to twohundred per cent. and over, according to the range of temperature andliquid used.

The invention will be described more in detail in connection with theaccompanying drawings, in which,-

Figure l is a side elevation partly in section of a motor adapted foruse lin my power rproducing system; Fig. 2 is a front elevation`of thesame; Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the valves at the powerendof themotor cylinder; Fig. 4 is a plan view of the power end of the motorcylinder; Fig. 5 is a sec- .tion on ythe line 6-6 of Fig. 2 through thepump end of the motor cylinder; Fig. 6 is adiagram illustrating alcomplete system or apparatus; Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of the heatvexchanging* and vheat impart-ing coils,

shown in detail in Figs. 8 toll; Fig. 8 is av section approximately onthe `line 8-8 of Fig. 9 showing an under side view of one v Y of thereturn bends; Fig.` 9 is a vertical sectional view through the upper artof one of the heat exchanging colls; ig. 10 is a "section on the line10-'10v of Fig. .11; Fig. 11 is a vertical section through the lowercouling member of two of the heat exchanglng coils; Fig. 12 is adiagrammatic view illustrating a modified and simple form of my powergenerating system; Fig. 13 is a diagram showing how the different partsof my apparatus combine to form the different modifications of my methodof economically.

indicates the base 'of the motor, 21a suitable framefor supporting thecylinder, 22.

- t-he crank shaft, 23 the fly wheel,`24 the the cylinder.

crank, 25 a connecting rod, 26 the cross head sliding in guides 27, 28the piston rod, 29 the piston, and 30 the cylinder; Thecylinder Aisrelatively small in diameter and the `piston is preferably much longerthan is customary in order` to'prevent transference of heat from thehotter to the cooler end of The lower cylinder :head 31 is seated on theframe 21 and connected with the upper' cylinder head 32 by bolts 33. Asshown, the upper cylinder head 32 is aca-sting containing a conduit 34which communicates with the interior of the cylinder and with the inletand exhaust valve chambers. The inletvalve 35 is preferably a springpressed puppet valve, as shown, interposedbetween the inlet pipe 36 andthe conduit 34. The outlet valve V37 isA also preferably' a puppet valveinterposed between the ,con-V duit 34 and the exhaust pipe 38. Thepuppet valves 35, 37 are 'opened .at Asuitable intervals by rods 39'extendingthrough tubes 40 which serve as stuliing boxes. The lower endsof the rods 39 are connected to rockers 41, each pivoted to a bracket at42 and carrying a cam'roll 43 which travels on a suitable cam 44, on thecrank shaft. It will be understood that the cams 44 are suitably shapedto open and close the inlet and exhaust vvalves at proper intervals. Therockers 41 eachl conslstsof- .two arms between which the valve rods ,39and the rollers 43 are located.

With the motor illustrated I'have. com-` bined a pump lfor circulatingthe liquid, the pump being designed to operate on the liquid when cooledto' its lowest temperature in the circulating syste'm'." -As shown, thelower end of the'm'otor cylinder is used as a pump cylinder,- the'vliquid entering through pipe 45 and exhausting through the pipe 46.lSuitable check valves 47, 48 are provided in these pipes. Thelannularsurface 49 of thel lower end ofthe piston 29 should bear substantiallythe same proporsame amount of motor Huid when heated to hereinafter.

the higher temperature at which it is admitted to the motor end' of thecylinder. rPhe function of the pump will be explained Referring to Figs.6 to 11, inclusive, a, b, c, d, indicate heat exchanging elements, eachcomprising two legs or columns united by return bends e, attheir upperends. The adjacent legs of each pair are. nconnected at their lower endsby headers f. One of the bends e is shown in detail in Fig. 9. Itcomprises rings 52 screwed to the upper ends of the columns, a doublering 53 interlocking with the rings 52, and an elliptical dome-shapedcasting 54 interlocking with the double ring 53. As shown', there aretongue and groove joints 55 between these parts, and the parts areconnected together by a series of bolts 56. .The return bends e are thusreadilydetachable, and at the same time they can be secured togethertightly so as tov confine liquid under pressure.

Within each of the columns, of the elements a, b, c and d are aplurality of tubes 57, the ends .of which are connected to partitions 58in the headers f. The tubes there' fore communicate with the spaces 59below the partitions 58 (Fig. 11), while the space surrounding the tubeswithin the columns communicates with a 'passag 60 in the header abovethe partition plate 58. The

`headers are connected to rings 61 screwed on tothe columns and areprovided with .covers 62, lthe joints being suitably packed behereinafter explained. The exhaust liquid leaves the heat exchangingelement a through a pipe 63, and passes through a series of coils 64 ina cooling tank 65, which may be filled with brine or other tlu'idhavinga low freezing point. From the tank 65 -the exhaust liquid passes to thepipe 45 leading'to the pump end of the engine cylinder 30. The liquid isforced by the pump through the return pipe 46 to the rst leg of the heatexchanging element. a from' which it passes through the tube 57successively through the heat exchanging elements a, b, c and d, andinto the engine supply pipe 36, which communicates with one leg of theelement d.

The space surrounding the tube 57 .in the element c does not communicatewith the like spaces in the elements b and d, the headers beingmodiiedto prevent `communication, as shown in Figs. 6 and7. In the spacesurrounding thetubes 57 of the ele.

ment c I preferably circulate ammonia, which is used to cool the brineinthe tank 6b. The ammonia gas is compressed byv a pump 66 driven by theengine,being delivered from the pump to apipe 67 and conducted into thebend. e of the heat exchanging elenient c. As is well known, thecompressed ammonia gas is very hot and in passing through this elementit imparts both its sen sible and latent heat to the motive liquidpassing through'the tubes 57 and is itself condensed or liquefied.-v Theliquefied ammonia is conducted through a pipe 68 to a series of coils 69inthe brine tank, and the vaporization of the liquidf ammonia causes itto cool in a well known manner, and in passing through the brine ittakes up heat from the brine which in turn takes up vheat from themotive liquid passing through the coils 64. From the coilsl 69 thevaporized ammonia returns to the pump 66 through pipe 71. It isdesirable to impart lstill further heat to the motive liquid, andto'this end I preferably admit steam to the space surrounding the tubesof the heat exchanging element d. I have shown in Fig. 6 a boiler B forgeneratingsteam, the live steam passing from the dome of the boilerthrough a pipe 72 to the upper end of the element al,

and the condensed vwater and returning steam returning to the boilerthrough a pipe 73. using live steam I may use exhaust steam or any othersource of heat available for raising the motive liquid to the finaltemperature stage necessary. I

I have shown air chambers 74 at various points in the piping systemswhich-serve as cushions to prevent damage to the piping from excessiveinternal pressure-'and shock, andiI have also showna relief valve 75 onthe liquid supply pipe with a communicating bypass 76 lea-ding to theexhaust pipe to permit any excess o liquid to escape from the supplypipe without passing. through the engine. I have also provided on theexhaust pipe a relief valve 78 with a discharge pipe 79 which maycommunicate with a suitable receptacle into which any excess liquidwillbe discharged. The relief valves are shown in detail in Fig. 12.

In Fig. 12 I have shown a very simple form of the heat exchangingapparatus in which A indicates a cooling coil, B a heat exchanging coilin which the heat of the exhaust liquid is impartedto the returningliquid, and D a coil in which the heat of exhaust or live steam, or heatfrom some other source, is used to bring the motive liquid up to therequired temperature. The coil B is of double piping, the exhaust liquid-from the engine passing from the pipe 38 between the two tubes of thecoil B While the returning liquid' from the pump passes through theinner tube 47. The tube 46 is provided It will be understood thatinsteadof` with a drain valve 80. Cooled water at,

naturalltemperature should be continuously circulated through the tank81, being preferably admitted through pipe 82 at the bottom of the'vtankand permitted to overflow through pipe 83 near. the top of the tank.From the lower end of the coil A the liquid passes through pipe 45 tothe pump end of the motor cylinder 30. 'The returning liquid passes fromthe coiln B to the inner tube or. coil D where it is surrounded by steamor other .hot Vfluid entering by thev pipe 84 and discharging throughthe pipe 85. From the coil lB the return liquid passes through the tube36 to the engine as heretofore described.

Fig. .13 shows av form of this invention which is adapted to beused-under various conditions. No attempt has beenmade to. draw themachine of this case to scale, but certain partshave been made largerfor the purpose of more clearly showing the entire machine in onefigure. The parts which correspond to similar parts in the other figureshave been designated by the same reference characters with an exponentadded.

Referring to Fig. 13, the motor consists of a piston composed of a powersection 30a. anda pump section 30P. This piston worksy 1 nconnected'power and -pump cylinders, and

1s operatively connected to a crank 42a on -48Hwhich control the supplyand discharge of the fluid from the pump. Theheat exchangerB1 comprisesa pipe divided by a partition t0 form a supply conduit B.2 and a ret-urnconduit B3. The pump end A, of the return conduitis surrounded byasuitable jacket A2 which is arranged to be supplied with cooling fiuid,the inlet pipe being shown at 82a and the outlet by 88a. A

jacket D1 surrounds the supply pipe or con duit and is arranged toreceive a heating pipe 7 2a, the return pipe being shown at 7 3a.Auxiliary Huid inlet and outlet connections are shown at 86a and 87a. A

A refrigerating machine 66a is connecte by pipe connections to thecooling jacket A2 and to a heating jacket C,l surrounding the supplypipe. v The pipe connections are shown at71, 67v and 68a, and-thedirection of the refrigerating fluid is shown by the arrows. A secondrefrigerating machinel 66b is connected to the heating jacket D,L bymeans of pipes 67b and 68". The return pipe 68b .is connected to a coil69b in a tank 65h, and the discharge end of .this coil is 115 iuid froma steam boile'r B,1 through the connected to a pipe 1b which leads tolthe linlet of the refrigerating machine. vpipe-connections are providedwith valves The -jacket D'1 by the boiler B4, and that coolingfluid likewater is supplied to the cooling jacket A2 from the pipe 83a. Theoperation vof the machine will then be similar to that shown in Figs. 6and 12, the member B1 performing the function of the heat exchanger. Theoperation need not therefore be described in detail. If an outsidecool.-

ing fluid is not accessiblethen the refrigei ating machine 66a which isdriven by the engine can be used for-this purpose. The refrigeratingfluid will be compressed by the machine 66a and pass through the pipes fin the direction of the arrows and will give up its latent. heat to theAjacket C1, so that it will be liquefied and the expansion oftheliqueiied iuid in the jacket A, will cool the exhaust so as to furnishthe necessary diiierence in temperatures. It will be understood ofcourse that the boiler B 4 is used to furnish theextra supply of heat.

If a supply of warm'water is accessible,

.then this warm water may be supplied to the heating jacket D1 throughthe pipe 86a and the exhaust may be cooled in any suitable Inannerhereinbefore described. This supply of water may be from any suitablesource`; for instance, it may, in certain cases, be river 0r ocean waterwhere the engine is used to propel ships, especially in tropicalcountries where the water is warm. In such a case the heated jacket D1can be supplied with the river or ocean water, and the ex-` haust can becooled by means of the refrigerating machine 66a.

In case there is merely a supply of water of low temperature, asin coldclimates,

then the heat of the water can be utilized to furnish the heat to theheating jacket D1.

Thus thev tank 65? can be supplied with water of low temperatures andthe liquefied refrigerating fluid vaporized in the coils 69"y so thatthe water will give up its latent heat to the refrigerat-ing fluid.4This refrigerat ing fluid is then conducted to the refrigerate ingmachine to be compressed and heated, and then discharged tothe jacket Dlso as to give up its latent-heat to the heating jacket D,L andbeliqueiie'd, the liquefied refrigerating fluid being conducted back tothe coils 69 to be again Vaporlzed. In this way the latent heat inthewater can be utilized for take.

heatingthelpipe D2. The tank 65h may contain brineand this may be arefrigerating tank which may beused for, freezing ice on shipboard. Itwill beunderstood that with this method as well as in the methoddescribed in the preceding paragraph, the supply of heat from the boiler13E andthe supply of cooling fluid to the jacket A2 may be cut out. v

The operation of my invention will be clear-from the foregoingdescription.

While may use a pump which is driven from the motor by gearing or othersuitable connections for circulating the liquid, I nd it particularlydesirable to use a combined 'mot-or and pump such as illustrated in thedrawings, for the reason that the pressure per unit of area in both endsof the cylindergis substantially the same and there,` will bepractically no leakage past the piston in either direction. Furthermore,by the use of the combined pump and motor operatinof in the samecylinder, the

exhaust from the pump will be accurately j timed with the inflow ofliquid to the motor,

which is very desirable in this type of apparatus. The piston rod is atthe cooler end of the engine which'is advantageous.

It will'be understood that my invention may be embodied in widelydilierent forms of apparatus without departing romthe scope and spiritvthereof, the two general views in Figs. 6 and 12 being examples ofVdifferent forms which the apparatus may It .will als0 be understood thatthe apparatus -illustrated is more or less diagrammatic, the drawingsbeing in no sense working drawings. The liquid pressures in a workingapparatus will be' extremely high 'and the various parts of the conduitsand fittings 'and of the motor and pump will be made of such strength asmay Vbenecessary, and the joints and packings made to securely containtheliquid. In'

starting the apparatus the system is to be lled with fluid underpressure which may be done b a suitable pump, and similar means v wil beemployed to replace any liquid lost through leakage. The principle uponwhich my power producing apparatus works enables me vto ob.

tain power from many natural and articial sourcesof heat which are notavailable for power producing purposes at the present time It issimp yessentialthat a considerable dili'erence of temperature be maintainedbetween the hot or motor end of the system and the `cool or pump endthereof. vThis may be attained in a cool climate by' means of the coolsurface water and hot Water derived from natural springs which occur inmany localities, or in a hot climate I may avail myself of thedifference in temperature of water or other liquid heated by the sun.and cooler water from springs or wells. In refrig-v erating plantsusing ammonia,` for instance, much heat is wasted in coolin thecompressed ammonia. -It will be o vious that instead of appl-ying thecooling water direct tothe ammonia pipes I may transfer the heat of theammonia to the liquid in my power generating system and utilize the'same for producing a portion or all of the power necessary to compressthe ammonia orvfor other purposes. In short, I have invented apowergenerating system adapted to operate with lower temperatures Athan steamboilers, for instance, and in which I can utilize natural or -artiicialheat which is now generally wasted. When using a liquid like carbondioxid in which the latent heat of vaporization decreases asthetemperature` increases, it is at 'tle hot end of the-motor to thecritical point, that is, where the liquid is converted into a gas, thetemperature and pressure be` ing elevated so that the latent heat isexceedingly small, whereby no energy willl be lost in the form oflatent' heat in the conversion ofthe workingluid from a liquid to a gas.Where the temperature 4of the liquid is beyond the critical point thenit. will be slightly elastic, but this .is a distinct advantage in viewof the fact that the motor can be operated expansively, the supply' offluid to the motor being cut oil" before the end of the stroke so as tosecure expansion of the workin-g fluid. VIt is also advantageous to runthe temperature up near the criticalI point since at this point theratio of expansion will be greater than at other points.

'Having thus described the invention, what is claimed is: v i

l. In 4a power generating apparatus,v the combination of a systemof`conduits for circulating liquid under high pressure, a liquid'pressure motor in said system, and means for causing the exhaust'liquid from. said motor to impart heat to the liquid returningl to themotor. n

2. In a power generating apparatus,the combination of a system ofconduits for circulating liquid underhigh pressure, a liq-` uid pressuremotor infsaid system, a pump for positively circulating the liquid insaid conduits, and means for causing the exhaust liquid from the motorto impart heat 'tol the liquid returningto the motor. .n

3. In a powergenerating apparatus, the combination of a systemofconduits for cir-- -culating liquid under high pressure, arliquidpressure motor in said system, means for cooling the exhaust liquid fromthe motor, means for pumping the cooled liquid back toward the motor,and means forheating the liquid Ireturning from the pump to the motor. f

4. In a power generating apparatus, the j reheating the liquid, the pumpbeing arsonietimes desirable -to run the temperature A combination of asystem of conduits for circulating liquid under high pressure, a liquidpressure motor in said system, a heat' exchanging device whereby theexhaust liquid from the'motor imparts a portion of its 70 heat to theliquid returning to the motor, means for further cooling the exhaustliquid, and a pump operating upon the cooled liquid to circulateA thesame.

5, In va power generating apparatus, the combination of a system ofconduits for circulating liquid under high pressure, a liq.- uidpressure motor in said system, "a pump in said system for circulatingthe liquid, meansfor cooling the liquid, and means for ranged to operateupon the cooler liquid and thev engine being arranged tobe operated bythe hotter liquid.v

6. In a power generating apparatus, the combination of a system oiconduits for circulatingl liquid under high pressure, a liquid pressuremotor in sald system and through which the liquid passes, al heatexchanging device whereby the exhaust liquid from themotor imparts heatto the liquid returning to the motor, a cooling apparatus including acompression pump and alcooling tank, means-for utilizing the heatedliquid from the compression pump to impart further heat to the liquidreturning to the motor, means for causing the cooling tank to decreasethe temperature of the exhaust liquid `from the motor, and a pump forforcing the liquid through said system oi. con- '100 duits, the pumpoperating atthe coolest portion of said system, andthe motor beingarranged to be operated by the liquid at the hottest portion of thesystem.

7. In a power Agenerating apparatus, the combination of a combinedliquid ,pressure motor andy pumpcomprising a cylinder2 a piston Athereinhaving different eli'ective areas on its ends, a system of conduits forcirculating liquid under high pressure, both ends of said piston beingin` commumcation with the liquid in said system, the smaller end of thepiston serving as a pump piston to circulate said liquid and the largerend of said cylinder receivingpressure, from said system to operate themotor, means for i cooling the liquid in said system as 1t travels fromthe motor' end of the piston to the pump end. thereof, and means forheating said liquid vas it travels from the pump end 1 20 ofthe pistonback to the motor end thereof.

8. In a power generating apparatus, the

' combination of asystem of conduits for circulating liquid under highpressure, a liquid pressure motor in said system, a pumpy in saidsystem, means for cooling the exhaust liquid between the motor and thepump, means for reheating the liquid as it travels from the pump to themotor, a by-pass connecting the supply and exhaust conduits of themotor, and a' relief valve controlling said by-pass. i

9. In a power generating apparatus, the combination of a system ofconduits for circulating liquid under high pressure, a liquid pressuremotor in said system, a pump in said system, means for cooling theexhaust liquid between the motor and the pump, and means for reheatingthe liquid as it travels from the pump to the motor, the pump beingdriven by the motor and the displacement of the pump being proportionedto the displacement of the motor as the volume of a given amount of thecooler liquid entering the pump is to the volume of the same amount ofthe hotter liquid entering the motor.

10. In a power generating apparatus, the combination of a system ofconduits for circulating liquid under high pressure, a liquid pressuremotor in said system, a pump in said system, means for cooling .theexhaust liquid between the motor and the pump, and means for reheatingthe liquid as it travels from the pump to the motor, the pump be'- ingdriven by the motor and the displacement of the pump being proportionedto the displacement of the motor as the volume of a given amount ofcooler liquid entering the pump is to the volume of the same amount ofthe hotter liquid entering the motor, the motor and pumpihaving a commoncylinder and piston.

11. In a power generating apparatus, the combination of a system ofconduits for circulating liquid under high pressure, a liquid pressuremotor in said system, and means for transferring heat from the exhaustliquid of the motor to the supply liquid comprising a pair of paralleltubes, a semicircular bend connecting said 'tubes at one end, headers atthe opposite end, partitions in said headers, and continuous U-shapedpipe sections within said tubes and having their ends secured to saidpartitions.

12. In a power generating apparatus, a system of conduits forcirculating liquid under high pressure, comprising a heat exchangingelement, saidA element consisting in .a serles of pairs of paralleltubes, semicircular bends connecting the tubes of each pair at one'endthereof, headers connecting the tubes of adjacent pairs at opposite endsthereof, partitions in said headers, and continuousU-shaped pipes withinsaid tubes having their ends secured in said partitions.

13. In a 'power generating apparatus, the combination with a motor and apump, of high and low pressure'liquid conduits conneoting said motor andpump, andv means whereby heat may be applied to said high pressureconduit. h 14. In a power generating apparatus, the

combination with a motor and a pump, of'

high and low pressure liquid conduits connecting said motor and pump,and means whereby the liquid in said high pressure conduit may be heatedin its travel to the engine.

15. In a power generating apparatus, the combination with amoter and apump, of high and low pressure liquid conduits connecting said motor andpump, and means whereby the liquid .may be heated in itsy travel fromthe .pump .to the engine and cooled in its travel from the engine to thepump.

16. In a power generating apparatus, the

combination with a motor and a pump,\of high and low pressure liquidconduits connecting said;- motor andf pump and constructed so that heatis imparted from the low pressure to the high pressure conduit, andmeans whereby heat may be applied to said high pressure conduit` 17. Amethod of generating power, whichV consists in heatingan expansibleliquid under high pressure to expand the same, utilizing the expandedliquid in a motor, and cooling the exhaust.

18. A method of generating power, which consists in heating anexpansible liquid under high pressure to expand the same, utilizing theexpanded liquid in a motor, cooling the exhausted liquid, returning theex-l lizing the expanded liquid in a motor, coolv ing the exhaust,pumping the exhausted liquid back tothemotor inja continuous circuit,and causing the exhausted liquid to impart its heat to the liquid which1s pumped back to the engine. l v

In testimony whereof I aiiix-my signature yin presence of two witnesses.n

JOHN PATTEN..

Witnesses: I

ARTHUR L. BRYANT,- J. H. BRUNINGA.

